۱۳۹۱/۰۵/۱۳

LONDON _ 2012

 
ENGLISH


London hosted the Olympic Games in 1908 and 1948, and is hosting a third in 2012. The 2012 Summer Olympics make London the first city to have hosted the modern Games of three Olympiads. London is the only city in the United Kingdom to have ever hosted the Olympics; the United States is the only country to have hosted Summer Olympics on more occasions than the UK.
British participation in Olympic events, both as a competitor and as a host, is the responsibility of the British Olympic Association.

1908 Summer Olympics

The 1908 Summer Olympics (the Games of the IV Olympiad) were the fourth modern Olympic Games and the third to be hosted outside of Athens, Greece. The International Olympic Committee considers them the fourth Olympic Games, discounting the intercalated 1906 Summer Olympics. The 1908 Olympic Games were scheduled to take place in Rome, but the eruption of Mount Vesuvius on 7 April 1906 required the Italian government to redirect funds away from the Olympics. The events took place between 27 April 1908 and 31 October 1908, with 22 nations participating in 110 events. The British team easily topped the unofficial medal count, finishing with three times as many medals as the second-place United States.

1944 Summer Olympics

The 1944 Summer Olympics (the Games of the XIII Olympiad) were scheduled to be held in London. Awarded in 1939, they were, however, cancelled due to World War II. These Games would have celebrated the 50th anniversary of the Modern Olympiad. A small celebratory sporting competition was held in Lausanne, in lieu of the Olympics, at IOC HQ.

1948 Summer Olympics

The 1948 Summer Olympics (the Games of the XIV Olympiad) were the first to be held after World War II, with the 1944 Summer Olympics having been cancelled due to the war. Showing a collective unity after the war, 59 nations competed in 136 different events between 29 July 1948 and 14 August 1948. Germany and Japan were not invited to the games due to security reasons. Unlike the last time the UK hosted the Olympics, the British athletes did not have a high medal count, finishing 12th in the unofficial medal count with only 23 medals.

2012 Summer Olympics

The 2012 Summer Olympics (the Games of the XXX Olympiad) are taking place between 27 July 2012 and 12 August 2012. The London 2012 Olympic bid was announced as the winner of the bidding process on 6 July 2005, following unsuccessful bid attempts for previous Olympics by Manchester and Birmingham. The games are currently under way.

2012 Summer Paralympic Games

The 2012 Summer Paralympic Games will be the fourteenth Paralympics and will take place between 29 August 2012 and 9 September 2012 at the Summer Olympics venues in London.

۱۳۹۰/۱۰/۲۹

جدایی نادر از سیمین :) A Separation


جدایی نادر از سیمین (در انگلیسی با نام «یک جدایی» شناخته شده است) فیلمی به کارگردانی، نویسندگی و تهیه‌کنندگی اصغر فرهادی ساختهٔ سال ۱۳۸۹ است این فیلم پنجمین فیلم اصغر فرهادی است و هم‌اکنون با فروش بیش از ۹ میلیون دلار، پرفروش‌ترین فیلم تاریخ سینمای ایران است. از بازیگران این فیلم می‌توان پیمان معادی، لیلا حاتمی، شهاب حسینی و ‌مریلا زارعی را نام برد.
این فیلم برنده چندین جایزه از بیست و نهمین جشنواره فیلم فجر و همچنین جوایزی بین‌المللی چون جایزه گلدن گلوب و خرس طلایی از جشنواره فیلم برلین بوده‌است.
واکنش منتقدان به این فیلم در سطح وسیعی مثبت بود. این فیلم نه تنها در ایران، بلکه در جهان مورد توجه قرار گرفت و حتی برخی آن را جز ۱۰ فیلم برتر سال ۲۰۱۱ خواندند. اما با این وجود، برخی افراد همانند فرج‌الله سلحشور، کارگردان مجموعه یوسف پیامبر، این فیلم را «در ضدیت اعتقادات مردم و توهین به فرهنگ و خانواده در ایران» دانست.




داستان 

سیمین (لیلا حاتمی) می‌خواهد به همراه همسرش نادر و دخترش ترمه (سارینا فرهادی) از ایران برود و همه مقدمات این کار را فراهم کرده. اما نادر (پیمان معادی) نمی‌خواهد پدرش را که از بیماری آلزایمر رنج می‌برد تنها رها کند. این اختلافات باعث می‌شود سیمین از دادگاه درخواست طلاق کند اما دادگاه درخواستش را رد می‌کند و مجبور می‌شود به خانه پدرش برگردد. ترمه تصمیم می‌گیرد پیش پدرش نادر بماند به امید اینکه مادرش سیمین پیش آنها برگردد. نادر نمی‌تواند از عهده مراقبت از پدرش بر بیاید پس برای این کار یک مستخدم به نام راضیه (ساره بیات) استخدام می‌کند. این زن جوان که باردار است این کار را بدون اطلاع همسرش حجت (شهاب حسینی) قبول کرده‌است. یک روز نادر به خانه بر می‌گردد و پدرش را در حالی که طناب پیچ شده و تنها رها شده می‌بیند. وقتی راضیه به خانه بر می‌گردد دعوای شدیدی در می‌گیرد که عواقب تراژیک آن نه تنها زندگی نادر را زیر و رو می‌کند بلکه تصویر دخترش از او را دستخوش تغییر می‌کند.

بازیگران

اکران

این فیلم علاوه بر ایران در سینماهای کشور فرانسه، تایلند، آلمان، مجارستان، سوئد، سوئیس، بلژیک و هلند اکران شده‌است. این فیلم در آمریکا نیز در تاریخ ۳۰ دسامبر ۲۰۱۱ در شهر‌های لس آنجلس و نیویورک شروع به اکران عمومی شد.

فروش فیلم 

جدایی نادر از سیمین تنها در ۱۵ روز نخست اکران خود توانست فروشی معادل ۱ میلیارد و ۲۵۰ میلیون تومان، تنها با در اختیار داشتن ۲۴ سینما در تهران داشته باشد. در نهایت مجموع فروش جدایی نادر از سیمین در ایران توانست به رقم ۳٫۳ میلیون دلار و فروش بین المللی آن از رقم ۷٫۷ میلیون دلار بگذرد.  این موفقیت سبب گردید تا فیلم جدایی نادر از سیمین با فروشی بیش از ۱۰ میلیون دلار، رکورد پرفروش ترین فیلم تاریخ سینمای ایران را که پیش از این در اختیار اخراجی‌ها ۲ به کارگردانی مسعود ده‌نمکی با ۸٫۵ میلون دلار بود، به دست آورد.

نقدها 

فیلم جدایی نادر از سیمین نقدهای مثبتی از منتقدان سینمای جهان دریافت کرد. علی امینی نجفی می‌گوید: «فیلم جدایی نادر از سیمین از مقدمه‌چینی‌های زایدی که در بسیاری از فیلم‌های ایرانی، از جمله در فیلم پیشین فرهادی به نام درباره الی دیده می‌شود، دور مانده‌است.» وی اضافه کرد: «دغدغه حقیقت در این فیلم نیز مانند کار قبلی فرهادی آشکار است و مانند موتور یا محرکی درونی آدم‌ها را درگیر می‌کند، و این نیز به یمن فیلمنامه یکدست و استادانه فیلم است.» نیک جیمز سردبیر وب‌گاه‌اند ساوند در مورد فیلم گفت: «به نظر من این فیلم در بین فیلم‌های سال گذشته، هیچکاکی ترین فیلمنامه را دارد. فیلمنامه‌ای که ببننده را دائما گول می‌زند و بعد غافلگیر می‌کند و مدام مسائل اخلاقی پیچیده‌ای را مطرح می‌کند، به طوری که شما هیچوقت نمی‌فهمید مقصر چه کسی بوده‌است.»

راهیابی به اسکار

جدایی نادر از سیمین از طرف هیئت انتخاب فیلم ایران، برای شرکت در ۸۴اُمین دوره جایزه اسکار معرفی شد. این فیلم در رشتهٔ «بهترین فیلم خارجی‌زبان» معرفی شده‌است. اگر این فیلم به جمع ۵ فیلم منتخب بخش خارجی اسکار راه پیدا کند، نخستین نامزد ایران برای دریافت این جایزه پس از فیلم سینمایی «بچه‌های آسمان» به کارگردانی مجید مجیدی خواهد بود که در سال ۱۹۹۹ برای دریافت جایزه اسکار نامزد شد.

برنده شدن در گلدن گلوب ۲۰۱۲

فیلم جدایی نادر از سیمین در ۱۵ ژانویه ۲۰۱۲، جایزه «بهترین فیلم غیرانگلیسی‌زبان» را از شصت‌ونهمین مراسم گلدن گلوب را دریافت کرد و به اولین فیلم ایرانی‌ای تبدیل شد که این جایزه را دریافت می‌کند. جوایز گلدن گلوب توسط انجمن مطبوعات خارجی هالیوود اعطاء می‌شود. گلدن گلوب پس از اسکار مهمترین جایزه سینمایی در آمریکاست. این موفقیت موجی از شادی در ایران به راه انداخت.
اصغر فرهادی به همراه پیمان معادی روی صحنه حاضر شد و جايزه خود را از دست مدونا، خواننده معروف پاپ و کارگردان سينمايی، دريافت کرد و گفت: «وقتی بر روی صحنه می‌آمدم داشتم فکر می کردم که چه باید بگویم؟ آیا باید چیزی از مادرم یا پدرم بگویم، از همسر مهربانم، فرزندانم، دوستان خوبم یا از گروه‌ فیلم‌برداری عالی و دوست داشتنی‌ام؟ اما حالا ترجیح می‌دهم از مردم‌ام بگويم. فکر می‌کنم آنها حقیقتا مردمی صلح دوست هستند... بسیار متشکرم.»
فیلم آمریکایی و بوسنیایی‌زبان در سرزمین خون و عسل به کارگردانی آنجلینا جولی، گل‌های جنگ ژانگ ییمو از چین، پسری با دوچرخه ساخته ژان پی‌یر و لوک داردن از بلژیک و فیلم اسپانیایی پوستی که در آن زندگی می‌کنم به کارگردانی پدرو آلمودوار رقبای جدایی نادر از سیمین در بخش بهترین فیلم خارجی‌زبان بودند


English
A Separation (Persian: جدایی نادر از سیمین, translit. Jodái-e Náder az Simin; "Separation of Nader from Simin") is a 2011 Golden Globe Award-winning Iranian drama film written and directed by Asghar Farhadi, starring Leila Hatami, Peyman Moaadi, Shahab Hosseini, Sareh Bayat and Sarina Farhadi. It focuses on an Iranian middle-class couple who separate, and the intrigues which follow when the husband hires a lower-class caretaker for his elderly father. The film received the Golden Bear for Best Film and the Silver Bears for Best Actress and Best Actor at the 61st Berlin International Film Festival, becoming the first Iranian film to win the Golden Bear.[2] The film won 69th Golden Globe Awards Best Foreign Language Film.[3] The film also won the official Iranian submission for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 2012 Academy Awards 

Plot



Nader and Simin have been married for fourteen years and live with their eleven-year-old daughter Termeh in Tehran. The family belongs to the urban upper middle-class and the couple is on the verge of separation. Simin wants to leave the country with her husband and daughter, as she does not want Termeh to grow up under the prevailing conditions. This desire is not shared by Nader. He is concerned for his elderly father, who lives with the family and suffers from Alzheimer's disease. When Nader firmly decides to stay in Iran, Simin files for divorce.
The family court judges the couple's problems not to be grave enough to warrant divorce and rejects Simin's application. Simin then leaves her husband and daughter and moves back in with her parents. On the recommendations of his wife, Nader hires Razieh, a young, pregnant and deeply religious woman from a poor suburb, to take care of his father while he works at a bank. Razieh has applied for the job without consulting her hot-tempered husband Houjat, whose approval, according to tradition, would have been required. Her family is, however, financially dependent on the work, and she takes her daughter to the house with her.
Razieh soon becomes overwhelmed by taking care of Nader's father. On the first day of work, she finds that the old man is incontinent and she phones someone to ask if it would be a sin for her to clean him. Assured that it would be acceptable, she continues in the job, but later hopes to get her husband into the position, without revealing that she herself had worked there initially. Nader interviews Houjat and hires him, but Houjat, who is heavily in debt, is put in jail by his creditors on the day he is due to start - and so Razieh returns to work for Nader.
Whilst Razieh is cleaning, Nader's father wanders out of the apartment. Razieh runs to find him, and sees him from across a busy road, peering down at a newsstand. (Although we do not see what happens after Razieh has seen him, later on in the film, we learn that Razieh is hit by a car in an attempt to protect Nader's father from being hit).
The next day, Nader and Termeh return to an empty house. Termeh discovers her grandfather lying unconscious on the floor in his bedroom, with one of his arms tied to the bed. When Razieh returns, an argument ensues between her and Nader, and he throws her out of the apartment, and accuses her of having stolen money from his room (unbeknownst to Nader, Simin was actually shown taking the money in an earlier scene to pay movers). Razieh returns to protest her innocence, and to request her payment for the day's work. Outraged, Nader shoves Razieh out of the apartment. She falls in the stairwell and hurries out of the building. Houjat's sister later calls Simin to inform her that Razieh has suffered a miscarriage and is in hospital.
A court is assigned to determine the cause of the miscarriage and Nader's potential responsibility for it. If it is proved that Nader had knowledge of Razieh's pregnancy and caused the miscarriage by his actions, he will be sentenced to one to three years imprisonment, and much of the film revolves around this issue. Nader accuses Razieh of neglecting his father. The hot-headed and aggressive Houjat physically confronts Nader on several occasions, and threatens him, his family, and Termeh's teacher, who testifies on Nader's behalf. When Houjat is sent out of a court hearing for an outburst, Razieh reveals that he is deeply depressed and self-destructive, and that he is taking antidepressants for these issues. Nader learns from Razieh's young daughter that the reason she was absent the day Nader came home early was because she had gone with Razieh to see a doctor, something that Razieh was adamant about not revealing earlier. This, combined with Houjat's explosive temper causes Nader to wonder if perhaps Houjat is physically abusive to Razieh and possibly the cause of her miscarriage.
Termeh protects her father with a false statement and Simin attempts to arrange a financial deal with Razieh and Houjat, to compensate them for the loss of their unborn child. Nader is initially outraged by Simin's suggestion that they pay off Razieh and Houjat, as Nader feels that it would be a shameful admission of guilt. The morality of all of the characters are called into question as it is revealed that Nader did indeed lie about his knowledge of Razieh's pregnancy, and that Razieh has serious doubts as to whether Nader's actions caused her miscarriage, as she had been hit by a car the day before.
Eventually, everyone—including Houjat's debtors—meets at the home of Razieh and Houjat to consummate the payment. Nader, still wary about the true cause of Razieh's miscarriage (but not knowing about her being struck by a car) writes the cheques and slyly says he will give them to Houjat, under the condition that Razieh swears on the Qur'an that his actions were the cause of her miscarriage. Despite Houjat's desperate urgings, she cannot bring herself to do it, as she believes it will be a sin, and worries about it backfiring and affecting their daughter. Totally dejected, Houjat breaks down, hits himself violently and storms out of his home—the money is not paid.
Back at the family court, Everyone is wearing black, indicative in Persian culture of a death in the family. Nader and Simin's separation is made permanent and Termeh is asked to decide whether she wants to live with her mother or her father. Termeh tearfully says that she has made a decision, but requests that the judge ask her parents to wait outside in the hallway before revealing it. Nader and Simin are shown waiting silently and separately in the hallway, and the credits roll, with the viewer not learning of Termeh's decision.

[Cast

Production

The concept of the film came from a number of personal experiences and abstract pictures which had been in Asghar Farhadi's mind for some time. Once he decided to make the film, about a year before it premiered, it was quickly written and financed. Farhadi described the film as the "logical development" from his previous film, About Elly. Like Farhadi's last three films, A Separation was made without any government support. The financing went without trouble much thanks to the success of About Elly.[6] The production was granted 25,000 US dollars in support from the Motion Picture Association's APSA Academy Film Fund.[7]
In September 2010, Farhadi was banned from making the film by the Iranian Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance, because of an acceptance speech held during an award ceremony where he expressed support for several Iranian film personalities. Notably he had wished to see the return to Iranian cinema by Mohsen Makhmalbaf, an exiled filmmaker and Iranian opposition profile, and the imprisoned political filmmaker Jafar Panahi, both of whom had been connected to the Iranian Green Movement. The ban was lifted in the beginning of October after Farhadi claimed to have been misperceived and apologized for his remarks.[8]

 Release

The film premiered on 9 February 2011 at the 29th Fajr International Film Festival in Tehran.[9] Six days later it played in Competition at the 61st Berlin International Film Festival.[10] Farhadi had previously competed at the festival's 2009 edition with About Elly, for which he had received the Silver Bear for Best Director.[8] A Separation will be distributed in Iran through Filmiran.[11] Distribution rights for the United Kingdom were acquired by Artificial Eye.[12]

[edit] Reception

The film has been met with universal acclaim, currently holding a 100% rating on Rotten Tomatoes, based on 69 reviews,[13] as well as a metascore of 94 on the Metacritic, based on 24 reviews,[14] making it the best-reviewed film of 2011.[15]
Deborah Young of The Hollywood Reporter wrote from the Berlinale: "Just when it seemed impossible for Iranian filmmakers to express themselves meaningfully outside the bounds of censorship, Asghar Farhadi's Nader and Simin, A Separation comes along to prove the contrary. Apparently simple on a narrative level yet morally, psychologically and socially complex, it succeeds in bringing Iranian society into focus for in a way few other films have done." Young held forward how Farhadi portrayed Iran's social and religious divisions and complimented the film's craft: "As in all the director's work, the cast is given top consideration and their realistic acting results in unusual depth of characterization. All five main actors stand out sharply in Mahmood Kalari's intimate cinematography. Though the film lasts over two hours, Hayedeh Safiyari's fast-moving editing keeps the action tensely involving from start to finish."[16]
In a hugely positive review from Screen Daily, Lee Marshall wrote: "Showing a control of investigative pacing that recalls classic Hitchcock and a feel for ethical nuance that is all his own, Farhadi has hit upon a story that is not only about men and women, children and parents, justice and religion in today’s Iran, but that raises complex and globally relevant questions of responsibility, of the subjectivity and contingency of ‘telling the truth’, and of how thin the line can be between inflexibility and pride - especially of the male variety - and selfishness and tyranny."[17]
Alissa Simon from Variety called it Farhadi's strongest work yet and described it: "Tense and narratively complex, formally dense and morally challenging... The provocative plot casts a revealing light on contempo Iranian society, taking on issues of gender, class, justice and honor as a secular middle-class family in the midst of upheaval winds up in conflict with an impoverished religious one."[18]
The film won the Fajr Film Festival's Crystal Simorghs for Best Director, Best Screenplay, Best Cinematographer and Best Sound Recorder. It also received the Audience Favourite Film award.[19] It won the top award, the Golden Bear for Best Film, at the Berlinale Film Festival. The actress ensemble received the Silver Bear for Best Actress, and the actor ensemble the Silver Bear for Best Actor. In addition it received the Competition Prize of the Ecumenical Jury and the Berliner Morgenpost Readers' Prize.[20] Isabella Rossellini, the Jury president of the Berlinale Festival, said that the choice of Farhadi's film for the Golden Bear was "pretty unanimous."[2] Farhadi commented that he never would have thought he would win the Golden Bear, and that the film's victory offered "a very good opportunity to think of the people of my country, the country I grew up in, the country where I learned my stories - a great people". Ahmad Miralaii, the director of Iran's Farabi Cinematic Foundation, said that "Iranian cinema is proud of the awards", as he welcomed Farhadi at the airport upon the director's return from Berlin.
A Separation was voted the second best film of 2011 in the annual Sight & Sound critic poll, as well as in the LA Weekly Film Poll 2011. The film was also voted #3 in the annual indieWire critic survey for 2011, #4 in the 2011 poll by Film Comment, and was ranked #5 on Paste Magazine's 50 Best Movies of 2011. Roger Ebert ranked the film #1 on his The Best Films of 2011 list and wrote: "A Separation will become one of those enduring masterpieces watched decades from now"
Une séparation (persan : جدایی نادر از سیمین, Jodaeiye Nader az Simin) est un film iranien d'Asghar Farhadi, sorti en 2011. Fait exceptionnel, il remporte l'Ours d'or du meilleur film et les Ours d'argent de la meilleure actrice et du meilleur acteur pour tous les comédiens lors de la Berlinale 2011. Le film est par ailleurs un succès surprise en France, réunissant plus de 500 000 entrées un mois après sa sortie, un record pour un film iranien uniquement projeté en version originale sous-titrée

Synopsis

Téhéran. Simin demande le divorce car son mari, Nader, ne veut pas la suivre à l'étranger en compagnie de leur jeune fille de onze ans, Termeh. Nader ne peut s'occuper de son vieux père atteint de la maladie d'Alzheimer et engage une aide-soignante, Razieh. La jeune femme est enceinte mais le dissimule sous un large tchador. Elle travaille, suivie de sa petite fille Samayeh. Mais un jour, Razieh laisse le vieil homme sans surveillance : furieux, Nader, rentré plus tôt, la congédie. Razieh réclame le paiement de ses heures travaillées. Nader la repousse violemment sur le palier ; celle-ci tombe dans l'escalier. La jeune femme fait une fausse couche et intente un procès à Nader. Simin, revenue soutenir son mari, paie la caution qui permettra à Nader de ne pas se retrouver en prison...




Nader und Simin – Eine Trennung (persisch ‏جدایی نادر از سیمینJodaeiye Nader az Simin, engl. Festivaltitel: Nader and Simin, A Separation) ist ein Spielfilm des iranischen Regisseurs Asghar Farhadi aus dem Jahr 2011. Das Drama basiert auf einem Originaldrehbuch von Farhadi, der auch die Produktion übernahm und seine Tochter als Schauspielerin einsetzte. Erzählt wird die Beziehung zweier iranischer Familien, eine aus dem gebildeten höheren Mittelstand, die andere aus der religiösen Unterschicht stammend.
Der Film wurde am 9. Februar 2011 beim iranischen Fajr International Film Festival uraufgeführt. In Deutschland wurde Jodaeiye Nader az Simin erstmals am 15. Februar 2011 im Rahmen der 61. Internationalen Filmfestspiele von Berlin gezeigt, wo der Film als erster iranischer Beitrag den Goldenen Bären gewann.[1] Der deutsche Kinostart erfolgte am 14. Juli 2011.